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How are you managing cyber risks to food safety and production?

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csafi

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Posted 15 September 2026 - 09:39 AM

Hi everyone,
 

I wanted to start a discussion on something I think sits in a blind spot for a lot of food businesses: cyber risk as a food safety and production issue, not just an IT one.
 

We've all seen the examples now. Ransomware took a large share of US beef processing offline in 2021, and other producers in dairy and snacks have been hit too. What struck me is that an attack doesn't have to touch the product to cause damage. If the systems that run temperature monitoring, pasteurisation, traceability or the line itself go down, production stops and food safety records can be affected. In some cases, companies have even found their cyber insurance won't pay out because the required controls weren't provably in place at the time.
 

A few questions I'd genuinely like the forum's view on:

  • In your organisation, who actually owns cyber risk? IT, QA/food safety, operations, or is it still nobody's clear responsibility?
  • Has cyber ever come up in a GFSI or customer audit for you (BRCGS, SQF, FSSC 22000)?
  • Do you know whether your business could keep producing safely if your key systems were locked for a few days?

For full transparency, I work with CSAFI, a non-profit focused on cybersecurity for the food industry. There's a free educational session on exactly this topic, the cyber and insurance blind spot for food producers, on 24 September, and the recording is shared afterwards. I'll drop the link in a reply rather than the main post so this stays a discussion and not a promo, but I'm happy to share it with anyone interested.
 

Mainly, though, I'd love to hear how others here are approaching this. It feels like an area food safety teams will increasingly be pulled into.


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GMO

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Posted 15 September 2026 - 11:49 AM

Yes, it's part of TACCP or food defence risk. Have a look at PAS96 as they're far more detailed on this in the latest version (and move it up the priority list) than previously.

 

There are three main avenues to my mind, the extortionist, who may use food safety risk as a lever in a cyber attack (if you don't pay us the money we'll shut off all of your cooling systems), the industrial espionage element (we're going to steal your secret recipe of 11 herbs and spices), probably not so much of a food safety risk but a quality threat then the disgruntled individual who happens to use cyber (I'm going to get you back and do so in a way you might not know who done it). The latter is probably under appreciated. These people could span from the low level who might steal data or confidential information to use as an opportunity in the future (hell, I'm going to take a punt on this having been quite a few people and possibly more the norm than deleting everything confidential as you should) to the more malicious end of that behaviour is where someone does something to mess up the operations of an organisation. There are some quite interesting cases on this. Chemical systems being controlled remotely to over dose or ruin cleaning processes and BMS / building management (often refrigeration) systems being possibilities. If you consider lots of equipment nowadays is networked so your OEMs can access fault diagnostics, how well is that protected? How do your OEMs prevent staff who have left having access still? 

 

Who should own the plan? Your TACCP / food defence team should at least have an input from cyber into it, if you don't integrate your plans fully. That doesn't mean that QFS people should "own" that risk. I don't actually think QFS people should even lead food defence teams if I'm honest. Whoever looks after employee engagement is far better placed to do this. That's because an internal attacker (whatever the kind of risk) is pretty damned likely. So I'd actually suggest the person who either directly manages the most people (i.e. operations) or who advises that person on employment (i.e. HR or personnel) are best placed followed by someone who contracts security and IT should be part of that team. 

 

If you are looking at external attacks, which you should, it's not just about phishing emails but also consider a blended physical and cyber attack as where protections become more sophisticated, someone may choose to get access physically to get system access. The ultimate on this is the member of staff who joins the company of course and then we're back to internal attack anyway.

 

On recovery, that's a really interesting point and one people forget. If your systems are locked out, it's not just about locking them out having caused a food safety risk but the recovery may risk food safety. Most BCP plans I see consider this and it's worth thinking particularly about traceability systems and how they'll cope. Some have better plans than others. One idea is to think about what's the minimum range you can cope with producing, even if that's smaller than normal. But also think about other things controlled by automated systems, e.g. CIP, SCADA, weight management etc. Could you really, genuinely go back to basics and do you have hard copies of paperwork if you needed to move to manual systems. Remember if you are subject to a cyber attack, you will not be printing anything off any system for at least a day or two. Again, people forget this.

 

On team dynamics and management, my suggestions of who should lead it, that's all "ideal" of course. Ops people are busy, HR often don't see it as their job. I have enough of a struggle trying to get HR to give a crap about SEDEX and ethical auditing before they believe they should be leading a food defence plan. So in many organisations, I've become the pragmatist and led these teams but insisted on key representation from people who know about this stuff (and try to make it engaging and "win win" enough that they want to be involved), for example, HR, Ops, Security and Site Services, Engineering and IT.

 

It hasn't specifically come up in GFSI, food defence is always a topic of course, but I've always had it in a food defence / TACCP plan in any case, ever since it became an area to review. So it's never been raised as a gap because it's never been a gap. I would imagine an auditor could consider you've not thought of all of the potential business threats if you'd not considered it though. Whether that would be raised on GFSI or not? It certainly would be on most customer audits I see. 


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G M

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Posted 15 September 2026 - 02:56 PM

...

A few questions I'd genuinely like the forum's view on:

  • In your organisation, who actually owns cyber risk? IT, QA/food safety, operations, or is it still nobody's clear responsibility?
  • Has cyber ever come up in a GFSI or customer audit for you (BRCGS, SQF, FSSC 22000)?
  • Do you know whether your business could keep producing safely if your key systems were locked for a few days?

...

 

Most of the cyber risk discussion is led by IT, but there are specialists in the engineering/maintenance and food safety teams that have considerable input on some topics.  

 

In an audit ~ only the most superficial top-down sort of comments or questions related to food defense.

 

Yes, we can keep operating in the event of some attack types.  We've had to do it before during a ransom/lockout type event, in which the FBI became involved and all that good stuff.  More of the systems that we were able to operate locally at that time are now even more remote/network dependent, which have made us resilient against the specific type of attack we suffered before, but less so against some others or even minor natural disasters.


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TimG

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Posted 15 September 2026 - 03:47 PM

*sigh* I'm getting old, I guess. This irks me as much as the culture thing being lumped in with quality does.


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GMO

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Posted 15 September 2026 - 05:59 PM

*sigh* I'm getting old, I guess. This irks me as much as the culture thing being lumped in with quality does.

 

It irks me too that it ends up being led by QFS. Much like culture plans, I don't think it makes any sense to be led by QFS but it ends up being us because we're often the only people to be audited against it.

 

Perhaps that's part of the problem with GFSI, it's not holistic. I don't think you really understand threat risk (or culture) by talking with one function anyway (nor in the sanitised conversations that happen when you bring in other functions under the QFS gaze). Perhaps the measurement needs to be holistic too. Can you really understand if a culture plan is worth the paper it's written on without seeing how the leadership team really look at and respond to metrics internally? Can you understand it without knowing how budget is divvied out? Likewise can you really understand threat without getting really into depth on how it's discussed across of all forms, risk assessed and actions put in place, then tested? Can you really understand any of it without seeing it in the context of how cost, customer service and tonnage are prioritised within the business, or not? Which auditor does that?

 

Problem is, nobody is looking at all that. You'd think CEOs or MDs are. Often, probably most of the time, they're not. They're looking at a very fine slice of often greenwashed metrics presented by someone who is only there to make themselves look good and are completely oblivious of their business risks. When you start talking to some of those people at the top of organisations, it's slightly terrifying.


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Posted 15 September 2026 - 06:14 PM

Problem is, nobody is looking at all that. You'd think CEOs or MDs are. Often, probably most of the time, they're not. They're looking at a very fine slice of often greenwashed metrics presented by someone who is only there to make themselves look good and are completely oblivious of their business risks. When you start talking to some of those people at the top of organisations, it's slightly terrifying.

Here Here!!!  It's more than slightly terrifying!   What adds to this is you don't know what you don't know----so when Sr Mngt is spoonfed nonsence, they can't even tell its garbage


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TimG

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Posted 15 September 2026 - 06:35 PM

Here Here!!!  It's more than slightly terrifying!   What adds to this is you don't know what you don't know----so when Sr Mngt is spoonfed nonsence, they can't even tell its garbage

 

I've always gone with a 'brutally honest' approach. I even let ownership/executive members know this before accepting a position. It's always "that's what we need! Sounds great!"

I had the same guy tell me that's exactly what we need, then tell me on the phone (because he wouldn't do it in an email) '"you can't put that in a report!!"

Oh..you mean the facts?


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Posted 15 September 2026 - 06:43 PM

we are now a huge company, leadership surrounding itself with really junior people in leadership positions-----incredibly difficult to communicate to them what they don't know---- chat gpt has told them they're right


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csafi

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Posted 16 September 2026 - 06:43 AM

Thank you all, this is exactly the kind of honest discussion I hoped for, and far more insight than I expected.
 

A few things really stand out. GMO, your point that QFS shouldn't necessarily own this, and that whoever manages the most people (ops or HR) may be better placed, is one I keep coming back to. It matches what we see: cyber risk falls between IT, quality, and operations, and because nobody clearly owns it, it slips through the gaps until something goes wrong.
 

The recovery point is the one I think gets missed most. As a couple of you said, being locked out is not just downtime, it can create a food-safety risk on the way back up, especially for traceability and automated systems like CIP and SCADA. Having a tested manual fallback, even paper records, matters more than people realise.
 

And the comment about leadership only seeing a thin, polished slice of the real risk is spot on. That gap between what the plant floor knows and what the board sees is the whole problem.
 

For what it's worth, this is exactly why we put the session together, to help translate this from a technical topic into something leadership actually acts on. But honestly, I'm learning a lot from your replies here too. Keep them coming, I'd love to hear how others are handling the ownership question in particular.


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Also tagged with one or more of these keywords: cyber security, food safety, risk management, food defense, business continuity, HACCP, food manufacturing

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